Art of constructing lining-walls for shafts excavated in the earth.



No. 835,159. PATENTED NOV: s, 1905. G. W. JACKSON.

ART OF GONSTRUGTING LINING WALLS FOR SHAPTS EXGAVATED IN THE EARTH.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12. IBOQ.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED NOV. 6, 1906.

I G. W. JAOKSGN. ART OF GONSTRUGTING LINING WALLS FOR SHAFTS EXGAVATBD IN THE EARTH. nrmoumn IILBD JUNE 12, 1906.

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v v w W WZtZav/rw UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Iatented Nov. 6, 1906.

Application filed June 12, 1906. Serial No. 321,361.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE W. JACKSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of lllinow, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Art of Constructing Lining We. is for Shafts Excavated in the Earth; and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the art of constructing lining-walls for shafts excavated in the earth such, for instance, as shafts designed to afford access to and egress from underground tunnels and subways.

' The invention refers both to the structure of such walls and to the method of constructin the same.

he invention consists in the matters here-, inafter set forth, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Among the 1prima objects of my invention is to simp i an improve the construction of such wa Is and to cheapen the cost thereof.

A shaft-wall embodying m improvements is composed of a layer or t ickness of concrete or other substance which is given form when in a Elastic state and subsequently dries or sets an i with my constitutes the body of the wall and a plurality of vertically-separated transversely trussed or braced reinforcing-rings which are embedded in said concrete body.

In constructing a shaft-wall in accordance novel method or process I proceed general y as follows: The excavation in the earth is dug in successively-lower sections, and said excavation is lined with successivelylower sections of lagging supported by vertically-se aratedrings, each section being lined before t e next lower section is commenced.

After the excavation has been completed and lined to the bottom an inner lining or shell,

the wall.

located a distance inside the outer lining, is built u Wardly from the bottom in successivelyigher sections, and as each section of the inner shell is completed the annular space between said linings is filledwith concrete or the like, which hardens to form the body of The said inner lining and the concrete Wall are thus built up in successivelyhighcr sections until the top of the excavathe process of forming the wall.

tion is reached. After the concrete body of the wall hardens the inner shell is removed, thereby presenting a wall having a smooth inner face and reinforced b the rin s which support the lagging constltutin t e outerlining of the excavation. The agging-supporting rings of the outer lining are retained in the spaces between said lining and the inner shell and constitute the reinforcing-rings of the completed shaft-wall. The said inner shell is built upwardly from the bottom of the excavation in successively-higher sections in the same general manner as 18 the outer lining constructed downwardly in successivelylower sections that is to say, each section ofsaid inner shell is constructed of l ging of suitable length supported on said Iaggmgrings; the said lagging being supported on the outer sides of the rings.

As shown in said drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through a shaft having a wall made in accordance with my invention and illustrating the communication of the lower end of the shaft with a tunnel. Fig. 2 2 is a transverse section taken through theshaft and its wall. Fig. 3 is a similar transverse section taken through the shaft during F 4 is a partial vertical section of the shaft,i ustratmg the process of constructing the wall. Fig. 5 is a detail illustrating the manner of han ing the lagging constituting the inner shel to the inner lagging-supporting rings. Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken through one form of the reinforcin' ring. Fig. 7 is asimilar section of modified orm of ring.

As shown in the drawings and referring more particularl ,tqFigs. 1 and 2, A designates the layer 0 concrete body of the shaftwall, and B B the reinforcing-rings embedded in said concrete. The cross-section of the shaft herein shown is oval; but its cross-section may vary as desired. l

The reinforcin rings B are preferably made of stander or commercial shapes of rolled bars. The inner and outer members of said rin s may comprise channel-bars b, .as shown in ig. 6, or angle-bars b as shown in Fig. 7. The said rings consist of the inner and outer members I; or I), joined by trans. verse brace or true bar'sb, attached at their ends to the flan esof the inner and outer members, preferib in oblique or laced arrangement. This geous, inasmuch as it may-be constructed l erm ofirlng is advantgihfi commercial bars, and thereforeat a low cost, and, further, because the trussed construction thereof affords great strength against lateral stress, while capable of being made comparativel light.

Another at vantage of the sk lcton form of ring is that it is more closely united to the concrete body of the wall a hen embedded therein than if made solid.

In order to facilitate tlu: placing of the rings in the excavation, they are divided, being made of two parts joined at their meeting ends by bolts b extending through lugs I), attached to or formed on the adjacent ends of the parts of the two-part rings. Preferably filling-blocks b of wood or like material, are interposed between the ends of the parts of the two-part rings, thereby enabling the rings to be expanded or contracted as necessary to properly fit the same in the shaft-excavation.

C O designate the lagging-stri s of the outer lining, which are supporte by said rings and between the same and the earthen sides of the excavation. The said laggingstrips are supported on the rings by means of bolts 0, extending throu h the lagging and projecting inwardly over t 1e rings, as shown in Figi'4. The inner shell, between which and said outer linin or the sides of the exca' vation is formed t e space to receive the plastic material constitutin the body of the wall, comprises inner rings smaller in diameter than the reinforcing-rings B, and lagging-strips E, SUIgI'OI'bGd on the outer sides of said r1 s D. aid latter rin s are shown as made 0 a number of parts joined by bolts d, extending through overlapping lugs d on the ends of the ring parts. Between certain of the arts of the inner rings are interposed filler-b ocks d, which perform the same function as the filler-blocks b of the reinforcing- The manner of placing the outer lining of the excavation comprising the lagging C and the rings B, urin the excavation of the shaft is as follows: he said laggi -strips G, usually made of wood, are made i a length to correspond with an approximate depth of excavation of the successive vertical sections of the shaft. After the first section of the excavation has been made of the depth determined upon one of the rings B is suspended at the mouth of the shaft in any sultable manner, as b means of timbers F, laid across the mouth 0 the shaft, and sus ension-bolts F, extending through said tim ers and conneeted with the first or upper ring; Thereafter a second ring is placed in the excavation at the bottom thereof'and is suspended from the first or upper min by means of other suspension-rods F", l ig. 4. Thereafter the lagging C, constituting the lining of the first section, is inserted between the u per and lower rings of the earthen wall of t e excavation and sup orted. on the lower ring by means of the ho ts 0. After one section or course of laggin has been thus placed another section of tie shaft of like depth is excavated, and when said section is completed another ring is fitted in the excavation at the bottom thereof and supported from the ring next above by the suspension-rods F in the manner before described. Thereafter the second course of lag ing is inserted between the ring last placed and the ring above the same and supported on the lower ring. The lagging of adjacent courses or sections abut end to end outside the rings B, near the vertical centers thereof, as shown in Fig. 4. The successively lower sections or courses of lagging and the rings 13, constituting the outer linlng, are in a like manner placed in the excavation until the fulldepth of the excavation is reached. At this time all the earth has been removed from the shaft-excavation, and the sides of the excavation are lined from top to bottom with the successively-lower sections or courses of the lagging. In case the sides of the excavation be irregular and pockets or voids are formed behind the outer lagging C such voids may be filled by driving wedges or shingles behind the lagging at the time the same are placed. If desired, the rings B may be supported from stress tendin to crush the same inwardly by means 0 braces placed across the shorter diameters of the rings. The necessity for such braces will depend upon the character of the earth being excavated. A con venient form of the suspension-rods F comprises strai ht rods screw-threaded at their upper and ower ends and extended through the skeleton rings and rovided at their upper and lower ends wit washers f, which fit above and below the rings, and nuts f engaging the screw-threaded ends of the rods. After the excavation has thus been completed and its sides lined the inner shell, composed of the lagging E and laggin -supportmg rings D, is p aced in position, e 1nning from the bottom of the excavation. 11 commencing to construct the said sectional inner shell the first or lower ring D is placed u on the bottom of the excavation, and therea ter the next up er ring is located at a suitable level above t e same and is supported at such level, preferabl by three or more of the la ing-strips E, t at constitute the inner she l. his. manner of supporting an upper ring from the next lower ring Wlll be made clear by examination of the construction of the lagging and supporting-ring, as shown in Fig 5. Said lagging is therein shown as made of thin metal plates reinforced at their side margins by angle-bars e, which terminate short of the ends of the plates. The said lagging-plates meet at the verticalcenters of the rings D, which latter are shown in'Fig. 5 as made of channel-bar cross-section. Attached plates with the lower and up to the ends of said plates are short transverse angle-bars e, which are ada ted to fit between the parallel flan es of t e channel-bar of the rings D. It wi I be observed, therefore, that an upper ring may be preliminarily supported from a lo er ring by three or more of said lagging-plates by properly engaging lower and upper ends of the la ginger rings. hereafter the lower course 0 a ging is completely finished by placin said agging on the outer side of the channelar ring. It will be noted that sufficient s ace is left between the supporting-rings of t e inner shell and the outer or reinforcing rings to admit the lagging-plates readily to place. When the lower course of lagging is thus completed, it constitutes one section of the inner shell, which su ports the plastic material of the wall while the same sets or hardens. After the first section of the inner lining has been thus placed the plastic material is placed in the space between the inner lining and the said Wall of the excavation. The inner shell is thus built up section by section, and as each section or course is finished the space between the same and the side of the excavation is filled with a plastic materiahthese steps being continued until the inner lining has been completed to the top of the excavation and the successively-higher spaces between the same and the side wall of the excavation completely filled. If desired, the outer laggings C may be removed prior to the time the said space is filled with the plastic material. In some instances, however, as where the earth being excavated is of a nature to readily shift laterally, it may be deemed advisable to retain the outer lagging in place. The inner shell remains in place until the plastic material is hardened or sets and is thereafter removed, leaving a smooth face of the concrete wall exposed inside the shaft.

The resultant wall is composed of the body or layer of concrete and the embedded reinforci ng-rings B, together with the suspensionrods F which latter for the purpose of reinforcement are preferably left in place. This construction produces a wall-shaft of great strengthand capable of withstanding the latrral pressure brought thereon by the earthen walls of the excavation. By reason of the skeleton form of the reinforcing-rings the said rings and concrete layer are firmly bound together, so that the strength of the metal rings is utilized to its maximum in resisting lateral pressure tending to crush the wall. Moreover, by reason of the trussed or braced construction of the rings said rings may be made comparatively light, while of ample strength to resist the pressure brought thereon.

The mode of constructing the shaft-wall as above described is economical and enables the excavation to be made and the wall constructed therein with a minimum danger of the walls collapsing, and therefore minimum danger to the operatives.

I claim as my invention 1. The improved wall described for shafts excavated in the earth, comprising a body or layer of concrete extending continuous] around the shaft, and vertically-separatedf closelyspaced, reinforcing-rings embedded in said wall-body.

2. The improved wall described for shafts constructed in the earth, comprising a body or layer of concrete extending continuous] around the shaft, and vertically-separated: closely-spaced, laterally-trussed reinforcingrings em edded in said wall-body.

3. The improved wall described for shafts excavated in the earth comprising a body or layer of concrete extending continuously around the shaft, and vertically-separated, closely-spaced, reinforcin -rings embedded in said wall-body, said rings each comprising inner and outer members of angular crosssection and short bars joining said members in trussed relation.

4. The improved wall described for shafts constructed in the earth, comprisin a body or layer of concrete extendin contlnuousl around the shaft, vertica ly separate closely-s aced, laterally-trussed reinforcingrings em edded in said wall-body, and vertical suspension-rods extending between and joinin said rings.

5. he process of constructing the wall of a shaft excavated in the earth, which consists in lining the sides of the excavation with successively-lower sections or courses of lagging supported on vertically-separated laggingrings as the work of excavation progresses, constructing an inner shell com osed of successively-higher, vertically-divi ed courses or sections of lagging and supporting rings therefor, filling the space between said inner shell and the side of the excavation with the plastic material and thereafter removing the said inner shell.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I ailix m signature, in resence of two witnesses, this 8th day of une, A. D. 1906.

EoRoE w. JACKSON. Witnesses:

HOWARD VANSCOIK, A. LORNE MoAnoo. 

